When there is an uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells in the body, the condition is known as cancer. These cells are known as cancer cells, tumor cells, or malignant cells. The growth of these cancer cells can go beyond control and can lead to the formation of tumors in the body. These cells can also attack the immune system and can cause other impairments that can lead to death.

Cancer a broad term used to describe the condition that is caused by abnormal division and growth of cells. It has affected 15.5 million people in the country as of January 2016. There are various types of cancer. While some lead to a rapid multiplication of the cells, while others can lower the rate of division. There are some cancer types that lead to the growth of visible tumors, while there is some other such as leukemia that does not cause any tumors.

Symptoms of cancer

The symptoms caused by cancer can vary based on the part of the body it has affected. However, there are certain common signs and symptoms that can be associated with cancer include

• Tiredness
• A feeling of a lump stuck under the skin
• Loss or gain in body weight that cannot be explained
• Darkening, yellowing, or redness of the skin.
• Skin sores that don’t heal
• Irregular bowel or bladder movements
• Persistent coughing
• Problems with breathing
• Difficulty in swallowing
• Hoarseness in the voice
• Chronic indigestion
• Discomfort while eating
• Chronic and unexplainable joint pain
• Unexplainable sweating, bleeding, or bruising

If any of the symptoms remain persistent for a while, you should see a doctor. Even if you do not experience any symptoms but you are worried that you might be at risk, you must talk to your doctor about it. You can discuss the various cancer screenings that can be appropriate.

Causes of cancer

The changes to the DNA of the cells cause cancer. Every cell DNA has numerous individual genes packed inside it. These genes are responsible for instructing the cells about their functions and how to grow and divide normally. However, any error in the instructions can cause the cells to behave abnormally and can make them cancerous. Mutations or abnormalities in the cells can be caused by

• Birth defects
  Some gene mutations can be inherited from parents and the child can be born with it. However, this kind of gene mutation is a lot less common.
• Gene mutations after birth
  These mutations are more common and can be caused by a number of factors. These include smoking, viruses, obesity, hormonal changes, chronic inflammation, lack of activity, and radiation.

Risk factors

There are several factors that can put a person at risk of cancer, including

• Age
  Most cancer patients are aged 65 or above. This is because cancer can take decades to develop. However, it can affect people of all ages.
• Lifestyle
  Some habits such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and lack of exercise can increase the risk.
• Genetics
  The cell mutation can be passed from one generation to another.